The Protestant Reformation

   

The Prince and emperors didn't enjoy sharing their power with the church under feudalism. People believed you could only get to heaven if you do as the church wishes. The Eastern Orthodox church fell in 1453 wit hthe fall of Constantinople. The church gets into trouble, and sells indulgences.But it still remains powerful and in control of the masses. The church controled large amounts of land, didn't pay taxes, and becomes to concerned with getting more money and power. The Clergy weren't well-trained, the church became increasingly corupt. There were early attempts to reform. Soon after Martin Luther writes his thesis, the church splits into different sects. Luthers followers made the Lutheran church, Henry Vlll created the Anglican  Church.

Important Vocab

• Janissaries =  infantry units that formed the Ottoman sultan's household troops and bodyguards. The force was created by the Sultan Murad.
• Sikhism =  monotheistic religion
• Harem = The womans part of the household
• Dhimmi = meaning "one whose responsibility has been taken" a non-Muslum sect of Islam.
• Boyars = a member of the old nobility of Russia
• Daimyo = great feudal lords who were vassals of the shogun

Triangle Trade 1450-1750

      The triangle trade brought people from Africa through the middle passage as slaves. The people were stolen then taken to slave factories. 20% of the people taken from Africa died on the way to the Americas. Some from suicide, illness, or thrown overboard because they didn't have enough supplies on the boats. Only 5% went to North America, most went to South America to places like Brazil, or to the Caribbean. The slaves ment for North America spent some time in the West Indies.    

The Columbian Exchange 1450-1750

  The Columbian Exchange was the trading of new foods plants and animals, between Europe, Africa, North America and South America. Things that were traded include, Horses, pigs, goats, chili peppers, sugar cane, sheep, coffee, squash, beans, corn, potatoes, cacoa or chocolate, maize, sweet potatoes, white potatoes, manioc. These items had some possitive affects on Europe, Africa, North America and South America things like an increased milk supply in the Americas. Horse provided labor and transportation. It changed the diet of the people who recieved the goods, in Europe they began getting vitamins in their potatoes, sugar as a luxury item, and a large sum of cotton. There were some problems that came with this trade. Diseases spread things like the smallpox and the measles killed many Americans.

Latin America (600-1450)

Aztec

• The Aztecs rose in 1400
• The Mexica were a group of nomads that settled in central Mexico
• They used fighting skill sto gain and maintain control of the area
• With their control they established a tribute system for surrounding city-states. Cocoa beans were used as currency

Inca

• Established in 1400
• The Incas conquered and expanded a great deal and took in other tribes to join them
• The Incas were centralized. The capital city was Cuzco, Peru.
• To adapt to the Andean terrain, they developed an extensive irrigation system and terrace farming

East Asia (600-1450)

China

• China was expanding during this time into other regions such as Vietnam, Tibet, Korea, and Japan.
• This expansion caused cultural influences. China spread Buddhism and Confucianism.
• Confucianism was spread; however, during this process Neo-Confucianism bloomed under the Tang Dynasty. The civil service exam was still used based on self-discipline, filial piety, and obedience to rulers (Neo-Confucian teachings).
• Confucianism continued to stress the importance of family and relationships during and after the spread
• China was organized thorugh Dynasties such as the Tang and the Song.
• Each had a ruler. The Mandate of Heaven controlled this and gave the ruler the divine right to rule.
• China was invaded by the Mongols which lead to new dynasties such as the Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan
• Many of the Dynasties were a highly centralized bureaucracy

Trans-Saharan Trade (600-1450)

Trade during this periodization was flourishing. The Trans-Sharan was a trade route located in Sub-Sharan Africa. Camels and caravans were used to travel and transfer products. Camels were prime because they can take the extreme heat and go a long time without water.  Berber traders increased contact with Muslims and connected West Africa with the Muslim world and even further. Gold and salt were main trading products.

• Increasing trade allowed Ghana to become a wealthy region and controlled gold trade coming from the south. Ghana provided ivory, slaves, horses, cloth and salt
• Kings converted to Islam in 900s.
• Mali absorbed Ghana and controlled all trade into Sub-Saharan Africa
• Mansa Musa makes pilgrimage to Mecca using this trade route
• Major cities on route included Timbuktu and Gao